Enthanasia Pro And Cons Essay Example for Free

Enthanasia Pro And Cons EssayAs Victor Fung Keung pointed out in the Observer newspaper column (A person has the right to a dignified death, August 18), most people object to euthanasia without persuasion about the subject in a rational way. They drop the fact that someone who is terminally ailing will not get better. And they are indifferent to the suffering and mental anguish that these patients endure. It is cowardly to ignore the excruciating pain they suffer before dying. People opposed to euthanasia banish thoughts of their loved ones eer facing such pain. There are those who attempt to take the moral high ground, saying a life should not be ended in this way beneath any circumstances. We have to take care the issue of euthanasia. We must address it now, not just because of the pleas of the quadriplegic Choi Wan-fung (Quadriplegic thinks about how to kill himself every day, August 16), however also because it is simply inhumane to stand idly by while people die in ex treme pain. The government and legislators should have the courage to reform the law on euthanasia.Ko King-tim, Kowloon TongI do not agree with Victor Fung Keungs article (A person has the right to a dignified death, August 18). I think a person has the right to a dignified life and that there is no self-worth in death. I disagree with the promoters of euthanasia, because people choose to die, not through free will, but under pressure, mostly from family members. You reported on the plight of quadriplegic Choi Wan-fung. If I was in a situation where I felt up I had become a financial burden to my wife or my children, I would want to favour to die.That is why the present law exists, to protect me, not to encourage me to commit suicide. At the same time, a civil society should provide the means for someone in that state to be able to pass away a dignified life. Mr Fung says that dying with dignity is humane but how does he know? As crossroads says, that is the undiscovered country . A friend of mine died last year of cancer at 53. He was in great pain, but just a few days before dying, and in spite of suffering, imposition in his garden he explained to me how overwhelmed he was by the beauty of flowers.

Ideal student Essay Example for Free

Ideal student EssayStudents are the future hope of the country. A student is handle clay which can be molded into any shape. Hence, it is very necessary that the student should be brought up and taught in the right ways. Teachers and parents are responsible for shaping the character of students. Discipline is the foremost quality of a student. He has to live with good behavior and in a discipline way. This is the judgment of conviction of life when the radix of character is laid. A student without a sense of discipline is like a ship without a rudder. He should be obedient, cautious, humble and simple.He should respect his elders and gain knowledge so that he may become a good citizen. A good student should be studious. He should not hardly study but also let others study from him. For this he will befool to be law-abiding. An sublime student should keep himself healthy by taking part in games and extra curricular activities. He should be an all rounder. He should select his friend intelligently and wisely. He should have no wicked in him and let no evil tempt him. An model student should be any time helping and an amusing friend. He should keep the atmosphere lively by his humorous nature.He should neer be passive in mind and body. He should take an active part in the activities of the school. He should be a source of inspiration for others. The school is a community and an ideal student should have good relations with his authorities and friends. He should be frank and fearless. An ideal student will contract his mistake, get it corrected and learn from it. He is fully conscious of his duties and responsibilities. He sets an example for the younger generation. An ideal student has many good qualities. He presents an ideal model of character before others such a student will be an asset to others.

Why Abortion Is Wrong Essay Example for Free

Why Abortion Is Wrong EssayThe creation of abortion up to this day is constantly being argued in politics. Is abortion wrong? Does the bring actually have a say in whether or not she keeps the baby? Some politicians would argue yes the mother has absolute control on what she wants to do with her body. Others would argue no this violates many things in our American government, tho which statement is correct? Abortion is wrong politically in many ways because it goes against our right to manner, the Hippocratic Oath, and our right from criminal and unusual punishment. It should be outlawed in all of the United States Of America.The right to life is enshrined in article three of the universal declaration of human rights. It states, every human being has the immanent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily disadvantaged of his/ her life. But when exactly does life start? When is a fetus actually considered to be alive? harmonise to t he Mayo clinics in Florida, Minnesota, and Arizona a fetuss heart, brain, and other of its very vital organs start to form at week five of pregnancy. At week six its heart is already developed enough to pump blood throughout the body, and at week 7 the brain develops evening faster than before. The baby at this point is also capable of breathing, Its lungs are developed and are on the job(p) within its body, very similar to a baby already being held by its mother.Abortion is a huge rule breaker for doctors as well who take the Hippocratic Oath upon being pass to become a physician. It states, I pass on neither give a deadly drug to anybody who asks for it, nor will I make suggestions of this effect, similarly I will not give a woman an unsuccessful remedy. The first and most obvious way in which this oath was upset(a) is by freehanded a woman an abortive remedy. The doctors swear upon this oath that they will follow these guidelines of conserving life, and try their best to pr otect it, that by giving an abortion to a woman it is causing the murder of a living being. The due south gear way, I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody who asks for it. This statement is being broken because by giving a woman a deadly injection for the fetus, they are doing just that giving her a deadly drug.The bill of rights, gives us the right from brutal and unusual punishment. Punishments to include torture, barbarous punishments, degrade punishments not known to the common law, and punishments so disproportionate to the offense as to shock the general righteous sense. in that respect are many ways to give an abortion, and every single one of these forms are considered cruel and unusual. Dilation and evacuation is one example of cruel and unusual punishment. This regularity of abortion is generally preformed in the second trimester of pregnancy. Forceps are used to rip away pieces of the developing baby body and remove them from the womb. Because the skull has much hardened by thing time, it may have to be crushed for removal. Another form of cruel and unusual punishment is Saline Amniocentesis, also known as salt poisoning.This method, first used in Nazi concentration camps and now common in America, is preformed during the second or early third trimester. A needle is injected into the abdomen and the amniotic liquid is removed. This is therefore replaced by a concentrated salt that fire away and deteriorates the babys skin. Within three days the mother goes into labor and delivers a dead, burned-out baby, and in some cases the baby may still even be alive. One last method is partial birth abortion. Using ultrasound the abortionist grasps the babys leg with forceps, and partially delivers all only when the head. Scissors are then jammed into the back of the babies skull and the wound is pried opened. A powerful vacuum is then inserted and sucks out the babys brain. Partial birth abortion is normally done during the late second or ea rly third trimester of pregnancy.Abortion is in no way acceptable, and should be banned from the U.S. There are so many evident rules being broken, that is hard to understand why some places in America still allow it to happen. Abortion is politically wrong because it takes away the right of life, it gives no grandness to the sworn oath, and allows all these forms of cruel and unusual punishment.

Mac vs Pc Essay Example for Free

Mac vs Pc EssayAmericans thrust always had a choice when it comes to calculators, but choose wisely not all estimators argon made the same.Mac and PC rivalry is on the same level as Pepsi vs. Coke. In todays world, owning a computer is an essential part of life. Although there are numerous types of computers that you could own, there are two main types to consider, A Personal computer or MAC. Everyone has his or her own belief on which is better. And there are many die-hard fans in each category. You either like it or love it. A lot of people choose personal computers because of how different Mac computers. Firstly we leave behind consider parcel availability. The majority of computer users own personal computers, both for work and recreational use. Therefore, software companies find that it is far more profitable to develop software that is for use on a PC instead of a Mac You should choose your computer by doing your research and seeing what type of computer fits your life style and your familys exacts.Mac computers have been stereotyped as they type of computer that would be used by Artist and unemployed writers. Macs were not so popular with other people of the world. straightaway the Mac Company seems to be the fourth largest manufacturer in the world. The prices of Mac computers are a petty(a) higher. They range from $1,199.99 to $1,999.99. The price all depends on what size monitor and GB you decide on. Macs come with an Intel centerfield i5 processor with 4 to 500 GB hard drives. They have built in internal speakers and weave cam. For photos Mac computers use what is called I Photo. This is where you upload your pictures and have the ability to get down picture folders and give them names.Example, (our espouse night). They have a feature call Front row, where you can view trailers of all the upcoming movies that get out be coming out in theaters. This feature automatically updates its self, to keep you updated on the newest movies. Instead of a restore center Macs have a feature called the beat machine, where you can literally go nates in time to a time and place you were on your computer. Unlike Regular personal computers make has just one Large screen that has everything built into it. There is no computer tower, which is kind of nice. Everything you need is right on your computer monitor. You C.D drive are located on the side of the monitor and the USB imports are located in the back along with the on/off button.PC computers were also another stereotype. many a(prenominal) would say this would be they type of computer used by people who loved motion-picture show games, video chatting, music mash-ups and other cool things. Pc computers were always the choice for people in America. And they definitely seem to be the cheaper choice of the two. PC computers range from about $400 to $800 and that includes a monitor and the tower. And in some cases the package deal comes with a printer.PC computers come wit h a 3 to 6 GB of memory. With PC computers you usually have to purchase speakers and web cams separately with could cost you between $ 30 and $40. PC computers have a photo gallery where you can up load your pictures to share with family and friends. They also have a backup database so you dont lose any of your data. Personal computers come with a computer monitor and a tower. The tower is where one would put the C.D ROMs and plug in USB cables.All in all, I found that Mac computers are the most expensive computers. They are well worth the money. I tardily bought a Mac computer and I love all the features that come with it. I love the conformation in web cam. This makes it easier to Skype with my sister, who is away at college. Finding the right computer takes time and effort. Take the time to research computers and find the right one for you.

The Starbucks Firm. The story of Starbucks Essay Example for Free

The Starbucks Firm. The story of Starbucks EssayStarbucks is a corporation or a secure intumesce known for roasting, marketing and retailing of crafted quality beverage that is based on coffee. In 1971, the Starbucks started its operations in Seattles Pike place market with Howard Schultz helping in its marketing and retailing efforts (Bussing, 2009). However, today numerous Starbucks firms guard extended in 60 countries in the world, capital of Kuwait organism amongst them. Some of the Starbucks in Kuwait include Marina mall, Salmiya flagship, Fashion way, sheikh center salmiya, the palms and Kuwait chamber of commerce, all operating in salmiya and shalwar cities. The objective of Kuwait Starbucks firm is to ensure that Starbucks remain the most honored and recognized pits in the world. The products notched in these Starbucks include coffee-based beverages to enjoy and discover, foods that include gamy quality pastries and sandwiches made from just simple ingredients. Mo reover, the Kuwait Starbucks offer nutritional services in that there are special equipment that determines the nutritional value of the drinks or the foods so that customers can make informed choices.The Starbucks firms in Kuwait have realized galore(postnominal) opportunities one of them being expansion of the network of the supplier of coffee beans. In addition, the play along has not spared any of the opportunities and continues to explore much opportunities. The Starbucks has limited coffee beans and thus have to get supply from areas such as South the States and African countries where coffee is clustered. Furthermore, the firm is increasing its products by expanding the number coffee houses that produce wines and beer thus compass thus reaching a wider target group. Therefore the caller-out enjoys the large availability of consumers.However, the Kuwait Starbucks firm is exposed to some threats such as increased competitors such as the local cafes that offer a better suit ed menu for its customers (Gilbert, 2009). More so, the cost of the coffee beans is continuously rising posing a great threat. In addition, the wholesome-established economies have their coffee markets being saturated thus this firm finds it hard to expound in such economies.The firm has got some strength as healthful such as well weaknesses. It has tried to outmatch the nearest competitors in terms of its return on capital and investment as well. Also, the company supplies in bulk and has one of the beaver quality products making it very competitive. Moreover, the reputation of the brand has been well portrayed due to the quality coffee and better customer attendance. Furthermore the firm has well experience in producing coffee that is perfectly blended and there is a warm atmosphere that attracts many customers. To add to this, the firm employs well experienced personnel who are specialized in several sectors of production, and this results to best quality product.However, the re are some weaknesses associated with the firm such as being negatively bare as not being a greener firm. In addition, there are cases of tax evasion and wretched supplier relations associated with it. Furthermore , the coffee beans price keeps on fluctuating due to factors such as whether changes and hedge funds. This has made the firm unable to control the price of the coffee beans. Moreover, the price of the firms products is high, given that the firm spends a lot in importing the raw materials.In addition, Kuwait partners have been exposed to some facts such inadequate salaries. As a result, the cost of living is quite high in Kuwait as employees are exposed to accommodation and transportation constraints and this has demoralized them. The employees are slight motivated, no transport allowances to the experts such airfare whatsoever. The Starbucks becomes less hospitable when it comes to employee motivation. To add to this, the competitors put a lot of drive to the firm and this is a big challenge to the Starbucks firm.The management and lead of the company constitute of the overall theater director and sub-section managers. Besides, the company also has several maintenance and development engineers who are part of the management. The availability of good leadership skills is what has made the company very famous among its competitors (Gilbert, 2009). The management has a plan of continued expansion and is smell for possibilities of improving their services to the customers. It liaises with the government for support, and this is what is giving it hopes for expansion.In conclusion, the company is doing well but still has a chance of doing better. As discussed, the company has one of the best quality coffee-beverages and has a big and wide market. This assures the company of a early life if it continues on the same note. The management is structured and well skilled with future plans of expansion and quality improvement. However, there are some wea knesses noticed. The firm is recommended to relate well with the competitors and to improve the lives of its employees by considering giving them allowances and raising their salaries.ReferencesBussing-Burks, M. (2009). Starbucks. Santa Barbara, Calif Greenwood Press.Welsh, D. H., Raven, P., Al-Mutair, N. (1998). Starbucks International enters Kuwait. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 15(2), 191-197.Schultz, H., Yang, D. J. (1997). Pour your heart into it How Starbucks built a company one cup at a time. New York, NY Hyperion.Gilbert, S. (2009). The story of Starbucks. Mankato, Minn Creative EducationSource catalogue

\Yale University Investment Essay Example for Free

Yale University Investment EssaySummaryThe Case is about the decision of the Yale Investments Office whether to continue to share the bulk of the universitys endowment to illiquid sendmentshedge lineages, confidential equity, real realm, and so forth. Important is to consider the risks and benefits of a different plus allocation strategy. Before the choice among different subclasses, e.g., between venture capital and leveraged buyout funds would be analyzed it is advantageous to mystify first background information. Effective management of a university endowment requires equilibrise fundamentally competing objectives. On the one hand, the University requires immediate proceeds to support the current generation of scholars. On the otherwise hand, couchment managers must consider the exacts of generations to come. In order to understand the behavior of the Yale University would be a view thrown in the past helpful. In the 20th Century the increase of the Yale endowme nt was speed rapidly due to enormous bequests and big investments in equity. In 1930 equities represented 42% of the Yale endowment this was in comparison to other universities (11%) very senior high.Because of the Great Depression severe erosion of its endowment was avoided in 1930, further in the end of this decade reduced a treasurer of Yale the share of equities. The reason was that higher taxes divest profits. He assumed that bonds better perform than stocks. For the next two decades, treasurer selected individual bonds high assume or income orientated stocks for the portfolio. In the 1950s and 1960s this strategy was less(prenominal) useful for the bull food market so they had to change their policy. First Yale decided to increase substantially the universitys exposure to equity investments and siemens Yale decided to contract out much of the Portfolio Management function to an external adviser. The plan was the external phoner Endowment Management Research Corporati on (EMR) would function as a quasi-independent external firm would be free to recruit additional clients. At the same time Yale would be its vauntinglyst client and would countenance anteriority over other clients. But the expectations were not realized. So in 1979 due to the plummet of the inflation-adjusted Endowment quantify by 46%, terminated Yale its relationship with EMR.They followed working with a variety of external advises in its envolving asset management framework. Now, David Swensen was in 1985hired to the Head of Yaless Investment Office and the whole Investment direction consists of a well-diversified team. Besides Yale could develop its investment philosophy from 5 doctrines. These are the principles 1). Strong believe in equities. Equities are a claim on areal stream of income while the bonds have low evaluate returns but poor performance with uncertain inflation. The long-run returns of equity is tremendous than the long-run return of bond. This principle is reasonable for the equity can bring risk premium return for the portfolio.2.) Diversify Portfolio. Risk could be more effectively reduced by veer the portfolio to different kinds of asset classes rather than pile on the single asset class. With the diversified strategy, the portfolio can prevent extremely loss when the market is down unexpected.3.) try out opportunities in less efficient markets. There are far greater incremental returns in private markets with incomplete information and illiquidity through selecting superior managers.Therefore, The Investment Office devote large portion of fund in illiquid investments. This principle sounds good but the Investment Office should pay attention to potential large risk.4.) Utilize outside managers for all but the most routine or indexed of investments. For the outside managers can be given considerable autonomy to implement their strategies with relatively little interference from Yale. However, its not an delicate task in findi ng excellent managers in foreign equity market, especially in emergent market. Also, we will face the problem of interest conflict between Yale and the external managers.5.) Focus critically on the explicit and implicit fillips facing outside managers. Because rarely asset management business had good incentive alignments built into typical client-manager relationships.It is necessary for Investment Office to construct good innovative relationships and fee structures with respective(a) external managers to consist the manager interests with Yales. Yales Investment Committee annually reviewed its endowment portfolio. For the choice between different asset classes we will consider the actual allocations in 2006.*2006 (current Target allocation)*Considered only the last 2-3 historic period The consideration of the expected returns and risks from its current allocation and compared them with those of past Yale allocations and the current mean allocation of other universities reflect ed the need of university to diversify its holdings.In August 2006, Swensen and Takahashi believed that they probably wanted to continue with investments in less efficient markets. But tete-a-tete investments were important in contributing to Yales highest returns. How should Yale allocate its bracing commitment? Compelling category to invest in Venture Capital/ substantive estate/ Real assets, choices today? Mix between new groups and established organizations? Should Yale expand its international program to include a greater emphasis on Asia and other emerge markets?OverviewAdvantage DiadvantagePrivate Equity(Venture Capital/ Real estate/) -consists with investment philosophy-long-term relationship with limited number of organizations-Excess Returns (15,4%) by portfolios active Manager-greater exposure than other schools-scale on which PE operated-VC midmarket BO-relationship with gravestone manager competitive advantage -Yale has catch of the private equity process -boom a nd bust cycle (high risk)-defections of key personnel-manager risk-avoid VC obtaining access to the best firms nearly impossible-Yale should invest with a top-tier firm International PE Funds -good, because of the increasingly competitive in the U.S market-they have general partners on site (e.g China) -more planning-subsidiaries or affiliates of large financial institutions-difficult to evaluate foreign private equity organizations and selecting managerReal Assets (Real Estate/oil and gas) -interesting set of investment opportunities-avoid mortgages and other debt -only attractive if they could find the counterbalance manager with the right strategies and the right incentive structures-transaction fees or fees based upon assets-less attractive oil-and-gas, because it is difficult to find well-designed oil-and-gas partnerships Foreign equity/ emergent markets -Undervaluedsecurities-provide portfolio diversification-grow rapidly, provide opportunities for active managers to earn su perior returns- 7 active emerging market manager in the PF-(well diversified)-Slow development of institutional investing-Leading foreign manager appeared to work for large institutions -returns low correlation with those of the US-link between growth and profitability is weak Bonds / Foreign fixed-income securities -low risk -Skepsis, if returns are enough for compensation of default risk and callability of embodied issues-low expected returns perform poorly Approach (regard to the table above)Yale should stay committed to private equity (e.g high returns, Yales hedging strategies reduces risk in private equity, enough important benefits to being in the private market). Besides it consists with the investment philosophy (principles). They should diversify portfolio with international private equity funds, it allows to break into new markets and get new opportunities, key managers are on site.Yale shouldnt invest in real estate (Real estate industry is dominated by firms that were c ompensated through transaction fees or fees based upon assets under management. These firms have every incentive to keep their investors capital toed up over long periods of time. Besides less attractive is also oil-and-gas industry not enough knowledge and key manager). They have 7 key manager in the Portfolio for emerging markers, so it is a great opportunity to expand in emerging markets and find undervalued securities. The link between growth and profitability, which is weak can change with good manager decisions. They could diversify the risk with the high Private Equity returns.

Internet Advertising: Comparison of Nigeria and Hungary

cyberspace Advertising Comparison of Nigeria and HungaryAbstractDespite the fittingal difference in the midst of Nigeria and Hungary, the net income develops a wholeiance that atomic number 50 be exploited. net profit practicers of both countries be dominated by y step to the forehs, and thus argon the close inletible to ne twainrk ads. meshing advertize also termed online advertising or meshwork tacking or web advertising is simply the making avail adequate to(p) of advertising messages and commercialiseing converse by federal agency of the earnings via the web. network advertising which was introduced several years after traditional advertising (banners) in the 1990s right a counsel off suppresses all other advertising medias and consequently constitutes a remark fit channel for the legal age of firms. These firms range from petite to big sizes, national and multinational, service providing to manu occurrenceuring enterprises (Restaurants to ship m anufacturing agencies). Internet advertising direct dish outs a position in the context of food merchandiseing communication strategy be after and implementation.It is vital for organizations hit the booksing mesh marketing strategy to efficaciously associate from each one component reason being that, with the global market place, it is important for entrepreneurs and marketers to be censorious of what is or so beneficial and meets their postulate to the meshing marketing strategy intend for use. Byusing the standard advertising program process as a base,it is simple to outline the characteristics of the Internet which abusiness must take into consideration when planning a Web advertisingcampaign (Kotler, 1997).Without trying to dispute earlier findings in this thesis, the work presented attempts in it own itinerary to high schoollight around comparative ideas of net advertising betwixt Nigeria and Hungary thus stating the aims of this paper based on meshwork u sers social context on the depressioniveness of internet advertizement. By using primary square from books and other sources, the idea of internet advert is identified. And by considering other everydayation, whatsoever conclusions are generated for the better dread of this division.By examining the tallnessic of this thesis, its extensive temper is revealed. Three fields of cultivation are mentioned and are dealt with wherefore -Marketing, variation engineering science, and advertisement (internet advertising). As broad as each of these could be, the presentation is quite short and straight to the most essential. The study depicts the differences in the attitude of internet users to ads. The epitome obtained from input sources reveal a significant relationship between the type of activities of users through which they come into contact with internet ads in each of the deuce countries (Nigeria and Hungary).1 Introduction1.1 Background of StudyThe growth in Internet A dvertising has paved its sort and embedtles comfortably in the global cosmos of business everywheredue to internet innovations. Further to a greater extent than its effects, feign and usefulness can be observed social aspect of human activities thereby creating greater opportunities for a more(prenominal) developed and diversified recreation. The Internet or World Wide Web has speedily bugger off the most effective personal manner for businesses to advertise their growths or services to expected consumers. Some Web sites much(prenominal)(prenominal) sell advertisement space for sponsoring and by so doing they profit highly from the increase of advertising on the Internet. The number of mint with internet access and internet services is growing always at a geometric rate and with internet advertisement potential nodes can view these advertisements thereby contri mollifying to the upper limit take aim of business profits.Recent studies on internet advertising instr uction more on empirical works as hearty as theoretical structures there by investigating the role of some cypher ins in the success of internet advertising, none the little it is necessary to present some significant measures assiduous in this thesis to quantify advertising effectiveness.According to Pavlou and Steward (2000), advertisement has a direct effect to consumers and and thus considered as an independent variable while consumer response is the dependent variable. They further explain the nature of the highly interactive environments taking into account other factors such(prenominal) as online context in which advertisement takes place in order to render this study more in pileful. Incorporated here are numerous aspects of internet advertisement context as types of internet activities and users social context in the study of responses to internet advertisement.Internet advertising is rapidly growing and advertisements contribute become more apparent in our Interne t utilization. When advertising on the Internet, both the businesses and the web sites (search engines) profits. Businesses profit from the use of internet advertising by minimizing appeal compared to standard advertising which is a lot more expensive. Internet advertising raises awareness, conveys advertisers messages and enhances carry perceptions and with greater advertisement exposure inflicts even greater relate.Responds to this advertisement differs considerably by diametric one-on-one in diametric Geographical locations and cultural background.An AdHoc study conducted by Gemius in cooperation with Sanoma Budapest proves that most Internet users in Hungary drive a positive attitude towards online advertising. More all over it essays what their behavior is like in response to online advertising and the sensed image of the advertised companies. The replyents were also evaluating different formats of advertisements in the survey, indicating the ones that they know sc oop out and the favorite ones. The research was conducted on the Internet in the form of a pop-up survey (random sampling) on May 2006. 67% of the respondents declared that they subscribe online advertisements as the price for free access to web sites. (International Operations Department, Press release June 30, 2006)Internet usage in Nigeria is an important issue with the average student using 10.5 hours per week and the contribute people averaging 3.5 hours per week. Internet usage in Nigeria has consistently grown to 11million internet users as of June 2009 according to the International Communication colligation (ITU) report.Various types of broadband bring the internet to our door steps such as Asymmetric digital reviewer Line (ASDL), Asymmetric digital Subscriber Line (SDSL), argument broadband, wire little, satellite, Local Loop Unbundling (LLU) etc With the admittance of the internet, came an easier method of communication, transmission of culture to the public and h ence the rise of the internet advertisement.Advertising on the Internet can be viewed as a social contract between advertisers and Internet users. Every appraiseive(prenominal) comes across advertising through multiple channels either outdoor through fliers, bill boards etc or indoor through the internet, A reason why todays market is highly dominated by advertising. found on the fact that we bed in a globalized world, advertising is recognized in every prevalent landwealth in its own structure with respect to its culture, consumer demand or requirements.1.2 Aims and objectivesThis thesis outlines and compares how internet users in Nigeria and Hungary respond to internet advertisements with focus on the technical aspects, social networking and simple basic adverts in websites. In appendage I am trenchant for various answers and perceptions of what people from these different countries think about these adverts and the effect it has on them in a cultural perspective conside ring the fact that both cultures are not only socially different but economical and educational as well.In the offset part of this study, I am researching how technical aspects, such as social networking and website adverts in Nigeria and Hungary. It is followed by an evaluation of how Nigerians and Hungarians respond to internet in the second part. The third part focuses on a research for the changes the internet brings in Nigeria and Hungary for example is the internet improving industries such as the banking sector or being an important educational tool for students? Is it the core of attention for businesses? Finally, the twenty-five percent part is the conclusion drawn based on the findings of the aforementioned research.2 literature reviewUnder the literature review, I for depict be considering a thorough review of the already existing literature on the subject of internet advertising which is highly important for the continual intelligence of the shares in this thesis. Picking the pieces and fitting them together I provide get along a concrete piece on the above mentioned topic starting with defining the parts that make up our topic, considering the social and technical aspect of the internet, advertising and last but not the least marketing.2.1 The internetThe birth of the internet did not come as a surprise, may be to the common man in the streets but definitely not for the scientist who had been expecting something modern, fresh, cheap and friendlier. It emerged in the early 1960s as a way for the US department of defense to create a secure means of communication in case of uncertainties. It evolved from Advance look Agency (ARPA) in 1969 to ARPANET for the civilian sector and MILNET (military network) (Jeffrey F. Rayport et al. 2001).In the 1980s ARPANET was renamed National science Foundation communicate (NSFNET). The progress of this development proceeded in 1989 with the creation of a more efficient way of sharing breeding by defin ing the Hypermedia Protocol (HTTP- Hypertext Transfer Protocol) which is the standard addressing format URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and the programming language HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) which has become the basis of World Wide Web (WWW) which is universal and the most use part of the internet to access multimedia e.g. text documents, graphics, videos etc (Jeffrey F. Rayport et al. 2001). In 1993, a team led by Marc Anderson developed a new piece of software called Mosaic as the first internet web browser after which other browsers were introduced, like internet explorer by Microsoft which became the most prominent (Jeffrey F. Rayport et al. 2001). afterward these developments, todays internet has not only brought technology but also affects the way things are do world wide. It is continuously changing to the extent that it has interpreted almost all diversification and stems all changes in world business, revolutionarising the way business is done, the concepts between business and consumers.2.2 Overview of the general background of advertisingAdvertising is a collective term for public announcements practiceed to promote the sale of specific harvest-tides or services. It is a form of clutch selling, employed when the use of direct, person-to-person selling is im functional, impossible, or simply inefficient. Advertising techniques range in complexity from the issue of simple notices in the classified-advertising columns of newspapers to integrated marketing communications, involving the concerted use of advertising in newspapers, magazines, television, and radio, and on the internet which is our main focus.Advertising dates back to the Christian era. Advertisements transited from the outdoor signs as paintings on wall of buildings that were very sight captivating to comp both trade marks which were two or troika propertyal picture or signs in the 16th centuries. Around the 1880s, there came Mail orders and pamphlets and in late19th century , many American firms began to market case goods under brandnames. Previously consumers had not been aware of or square upd by brand names.The first product that had brand name was soap products. In the 1880s a fewbrands came out and they were Ivory, Pears, Sapolio, Colgate, Kirks AmericanFamily and Packers. non long after brands such as Royal baking powder, Quakeroats, Bakers chocolate, Hires root beer, regal shoes, etc were nationally advertised.2.2.1 Stages of advertisementThe major goal of advertising is to generate awareness of a business and its products. Once the business reputation is established and its products are positioned deep down the market, the amount of resources used for advertising will decrease as the consumer develops a kind of consignment to the product. Targeting the audience, product concept, communication media, and advertising message are the core elements of an advertising strategy, and are often referred to as the fictive mix. Again, what most adve rtisers stress from the beginning is clear planning and flexibility. And signalize to these aims is creativity, and the ability to adapt to new market trends.Target consumer is a complex combination of persons. It includes the person who ultimately buys the product, as well as those who make up what product will be bought (but dont physically buy it), and those who influence product purchases, such as children, spouse, and friends. In order to identify the mug consumer, the following should be considered Demographics(Age, sex, job, income, ethnicity, and hobbies.), Behaviors (awareness of the business and its competition, the type of vendors and services the consumer uses, and the types of appeals that are probably to convince the consumer to give the advertisers product or service a chance.), Needs and Desires (determine consumer needs in practical and self-image terms.)The product concept grows out of the guidelines established in the positioning statement. How the product i s positioned at bottom the market will dictate the kind of set the product invents, and thus how the target consumer will receive that product. Therefore, it is important to regard as that no product is just itself, but, as Courtland L. Bovee and William F. Arens utter in Contemporary Advertising, a bundle of set that the consumer needs to be able to identify with. Whether couched in presentations that emphasize sex, humor, romance, science, masculinity, or femininity, the consumer must be able to believe in the products representation.The communication media is the means by which the advertising message is transmitted to the consumer. In gain to marketing objectives and budgetary restraints, the characteristics of the target consumer need to be considered as an advertiser decides what media to use. Advertisers can choose from the following media categories such as Print, Video, World Wide Web, Direct mail, outdoor advertising-Billboards, advertisements on public transportati on (cabs, buses).After deciding on the medium that is 1) financially in reach and 2) most likely to reach the target audience, an advertiser needs to schedule the broadcasting of that advertising. The media schedule, as defined by Hills, is the combination of specific quantify (for example, by day, week, and month) when advertisements are inserted into media vehicles and delivered to target audiences.An advertising message is guided by the advertising or simulate platform, which is a combination of the marketing objectives, copy, art, and production values. This combination is best realized after the target consumer has been analyzed, the product concept has been established, and the media and vehicles have been chosen. At this point, the advertising message can be directed at a very concrete audience to achieve very specific goals. Hiam and Schewe listed three major areas that an advertiser should consider when endeavoring to develop an effective advertising platform the unique f eatures of the products, how consumers will evaluate the product, rank of competitors in the look of the consumer, their weaknesses in their positions and their strengths.Copy When composing advertising copy, it is crucial to re atom that the primary aim is to communicate information about the business and its products and services. Many companies utilize a theme or a slogan as the center piece of such efforts, emphasizing major attributes of the businesss products or services in the process. But as Hiam and Schewe caution, while something must be used to animate the theme care must be taken not to lose the underlying message in the pursuit of unforgettable advertising.Art work and layout splendid business owners also need to consider the visual rhetoric of the advertisement, which simply means that the entire advertisement, including hollow space, should have meaning and logic. Most industry experts recommend that advertisers use short paragraphs, lists, and catchy illustration s and graphics to sound up and supplement the text and make the document both visually inviting and effortless to escort. Remember, an advertisement has to arrest the readers attention quickly.2.2.2 Internet advertisingInternet advertising is a message delivered to people by placing adverts on Search engines, Social networking websites such as Facebook, e-mails, pop ups etc. These adverts can be seen by the social unit world and are not limited to a geographical region. In this same respect, adverts are meant for the mass and there are many users of internet worldwide so the message gets spread widely and quickly thereby reaching people of different cultures and beliefs. Some of the people mogul be un raise because the signs or symbols used violate their cultures. E-mails are also sent to people who are either not interested or are not located geographically in areas accessible to the products.2.2.3 Advantages and disadvantages of internet adsThe most common item that determin es advantages of a product or service lies in its cost. Internet advertising packages could be visible(prenominal) at very low costs (10 dollars per monthly subscription). Trouble free relativity could also be a great advantage internet advertisement has over other media ads, to the user and the fuck offr, all which is involve is first of all a PC then internet service, through which you can either design a site or survey advert sites. It is could also be noticed that with internet advertisement, when advertisers get to know the age group, taste, and sex of consumers who most frequently survey their ads, site owners could easily and quickly modify their pages to current consumer needs compared to other media ads which could do so only issueically. Market presentation is also easy with internet ad, product or service is designed for the younger generation or the corporate world are easily viewed by this class of persons as they make the greater proportion of internet users and t he great proportion of consumers.Though a multiple advantages make internet advertisement favorable, some disadvantages could pipe down be noticed. Internet advertisement is made better with professional help and these additional costs make some ads more expensive than others. It is disadvantageous to use only the internet as advertising medium because there are a hand full of persons who can not gain access to this new technology or they just dont have the trust in these internet ads.2.3 Broad band affiliateions in Hungary and Nigeriawideband connection is a new concept used, in place of tele bring forward dial up connections. Broadband internet connection is faster and offers a host of advantages in them. The speed is usually faster than a dial up connection, which facilitates many operations at a time in for example watching many online live shows and movie downloads etc.There are various types of broadband offered nowadays. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ASDL), Asymmetri c Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL), cable, wireless, satellite, Local Loop Unbundling (LLU) etc are some common types.Hungarys internet providers provide their services using a number of broadband which include DSL, Cable broadband, ADSL2+ and radio receiver broadband. The broad band is distributed through multiple distribution channels namely UPC, T-Kabel, Fibernet and DIGI.Hungarys broadband market experiences unanimous growth, Cable broadband is widely available due to the network penetration of the countrys cable operators. The broadband market as a whole experiences a significant growth as the regulators have reduced access tariffs and have introduced a wholesale dust based on retail tariffs to ensure suitable margin for alternative operators. Digital cable services have been launched by a handful of the smaller cable operators and the countrys Direct To Home (DTH) market is showing fresh signs of life. The Internet access sector in Hungary constitutes the total revenues genera ted by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) from the provision of narrowband and broadband Internet connections through both consumer and corporate channels. similar to Hungary, Nigeria uses ADSL, cable and wireless broadband services which are rapidly replacing the formal dial up access method. Market penetration is still low leaving room for necessary growth.Nigerians connect to the internet in many ways through genuinely Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) cerebrate, Wireless microwave links internet access and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) access. Many of these sessions are through internet cafes as very few Nigerians have their own personal computers.Mobile operators are strongly gaining growth by providing Nigerians to access the internet through mobile devices. Such service providers are MTN, Celtel, and Glo Mobile providing internet, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS and HSDPA all across the nation.2.4 Technical aspects of internet usage in Nigeria and HungaryInternet usage is regarded with direct reflection of the total countrys population. This would be termed the percentage rate of penetration which relates to the number of internet users per square feet of the population.Public cyber cafe of various shades and sizes are the most common method of access individuals have to the internet. In addition to that, there are internet service providers delivering direct access to individuals and businesses on a variety of platforms.There is widespread availableness in urban centres, and fairly good availability in smaller towns most recently, mobile phone lines such as MTN, Celtel, and Glo Mobile provide internet, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS and HSDPA all across the nation, it is almost amazing to find internet access in some of the most remote locations in the country.According to an issue in trade invest Nigeria onBroadband in Nigeria The revolution is coming by Jaco Maritzs posted on Sunday, environ 16th 2008, Nigerians connect to the internet in many ways but 53% of connections are made through Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) links. Wireless microwave links account for 19% of internet access and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) access are estimated to be only 14%. Many of these sessions are through internet cafes as very few Nigerians have their own personal computers. National Bureau of Statistics figures show that in 2006 less than 10% of internet users had access from the workplace and less than 4% from the home. alone 1.3% of the population own personal computers.Nigerian internet users are aged between 11 and 40 with a greater part of this population being students, business persons, and to a lower extent, the public functions giving a 7.4 % total internet population penetration. (See adjunct Diagram N2)In Hungary, other than the traditional activities of the internet (emailing, browsing, reading journals online), a greater extent of Internet users use it for the leisure function of the web, job search and application, internet purchases, watching or liste ning to news, entertainment purposes as well. Users in Hungary vary between the ages of 10 and 69 summing a total of 34.9% internet rate of penetration. 55% of these users use the online voice transmission in communication and chatting, at least 33 percent have tried to watch television via the internet. The number of people using internet at home increases considerably, from 23% in 2007 to 28% in 2008 and 41% in 2009. Having access to the internet does not necessarily imply using it as of the 46% of home owners 10 % of them do not use it at all. (See appendix Diagram H3)2.5 Marketing in Hungary and NigeriaAdvertising is in respect to marketing, that is people advertise to make known their products and hence gain marketing ground because a vivid understanding of marketing is necessary.Customer satisfaction, as a construct, has been fundamental to marketing for over three decades and every advertisement tries to comply with this logic. As far back as 1960s, satisfying the needs and desires of the consumer stands as the definition of marketing Keith 1960. Interest in customer satisfaction increased through out the years till date.Several studies have shown that it costs about five times to gain a new customer as it does to keep an existing customer and these results into more interest in customer relationships (Naumann, 1995). Companies now have big investment in database marketing, relationship management and customer planning to run short closer to their customers Hill and Alexander (2000).These definitions demonstrate that increasing customer satisfaction affects companies directly, increases their market shares which lead to improve profits, positive recommendation, lower marketing expenditures and greatly impacts company corporate image and hence enhances their survival.The relevance of these definitions to this study indicates that customers access the internet services based on experience of use and rating is done in accordance with the internet servic es attributes. In this study, customer satisfaction in the Nigerian and Hungarian markets will be evaluated based on customers usage and their reaction to internet advertisements, experience of network gauge, billing, validity period and customer care support.By Marketing Penetration we imply where a company expands market share in an existing market byusing existing products which could be done in 4 main ways.1. convey existing customers to buy more of the same product, thiscan be done buy promotions such as 3 for 2. This make the customerfeel as if they are getting more for their money, and hopefullycould period of time them from switching to alternative brands.2. Attracting new customers to products. This can be done buyimproving the image of the product, new packaging, reducing price,or buy giving a % extra free.3. hunt down customers from competitors. demoralize reducing price, givingfreebies, and a % extra free with the product. Doing this couldincrease your market share and reduce your competitors.4. Withdrawing other products. Buy withdrawing less profitableproducts, similar products can become more profitable, and sellmore.Marketing through internet advertising targets all already existing consumers and expected consumers both to cultivate lasting customer relationships. The internet provides a new and cheap channel for marketing through advertising. Once in the internet any customer is able to see an advert posted and many are willing to place orders via the internet by direct emails directly to the web host. According to Armstrong et al (2005), the internet is an excellent channel for communication with customers on individual basis because of its immediate and direct fundamental interaction capability.From companys point of view, a companycan enter the cyber marketing world without theintervention of any intermediaries simply by buying into the technology itself and by turning the medium into amarketing research as well as an advertising medi um, interactive media also operates in territories not covered by a vendorssales force, therefore reaching the showroom and the sales pitch to the buyersremote locations simply by dropping it in the post.It can be agreed that internet marketing improves brand image of a company or products or both, hence it is a revenue earner, dependableness of the country is very important for the success of internet marketing. Companies necessarily focus their internet marketing based on the gender difference and so make more money though Consumers remain uncertain. Internet marketing can be used successfully whether it is industrial products or consumer products. It is undisputable that online support is an important factor to make internet marketing a success. Companies and consumers agree that more user friendly, better key word matches would drive the future search engine marketing.2.6 Pricing factor in internet advertisingPrising in internet advertisement is a subject which can not be unde r minded as it involves the reason for advertising (both the advertiser and the consumer) each product or service advertised carries a different parameters depending on the desires of the individual consumer who finally decides on his/her appreciations. After this ascertain factor of attribute parameter of product, the price becomes a relevant factor. Price is a parameter of buyers finding that can not be overlooked, further more, when a characteristic is considered more important than price in making a purchase decision, then its value is considered to be a requirement for purchase, but if the intended characteristic is considered less important than price, then acceptable range can be seen as preference rather than requirement (Joan Morris and Paul P. Maglio, 2001)Therefore, price is a general determinant for especially price unsanded consumers.Internet advertisers have different pricing techniques to attract new buyers and at the same time produce already existing consumers which is based on consumer characteristic and the dynamically nature of demand and supply. Some of such frequently used pricing techniques areDynamic pricingAs the term indicates, it is the dynamic adjustment of prices to consumers depending on the value attributed to product or service by these same consumers. By making aliment for affordable prices for certain products, this arranging instigates optimal results for consumers and hence enhances maximum sales to those selling. With internet marketing, there exists an intelligible shift from fixed pricing to dynamic pricing with greater competition existing against the formal and still existing traditional marketing outline.Price differentiationIt is a process whereby the same product of different units is s honest-to-goodness at different prices to different consumers. With price differentiation, prices differ with the number of units s oldish. This could involve group pricing, fire pricing etc. With price differentiation, comp anies decrease the suitability of their products and services by customising their offers to the requirements of specific customers or market segment. This provides the customer with an advantage to purchase the said product or service.Using these pricing techniques enables the consumer to purchase a product by stating his or her own price, considering the suitability of the product in question. The right price in the market can not be easily determined, prices are competitive and this directly influences price tender consumers who have the tendency to fall for the most appreciated prices during their purchases.The best price in internet market does not only consider the price established by the producer or seller but also that requested by the buyer or consumer. Internet marketing offers the opportunity for companies to test prices, segment customers and adjust to change in supply and demand (Efraim Turban et Al. 2006)to consumers these pricing techniques are advantageous in the sense that consumers have the opportunity to find unique items and collectibles, consumers remain unanimous, internet market creates a talk terms atmosphere enabling the consumer to opt for the most affordable price, it is more convenient as consumer is not stimulate to change location to execute a purchase and for the producers, they gain more customers by offering more items directly, it enhances maximum sales which is a fundamental base of every business, it improves customer relationship and customer loyalty to already existing customers.2.7 Factors influencing intern lead zeppelin report and Analysis take zeppelin History and Analysislight-emitting diode Zeppelin was one of the most popular mainstream wave bands from 1968 to 1980. Consisting of Robert kit and caboodle on vocals, prise Page on guitar, joke Paul Jones on deep guitar, and John Bonham on the drums, they are now considered to be one of the superlative argument bands that ever played. Led Zeppelin made many contributions to the symphony world and their bequest is still very alive today.Each individual member of Led Zeppelin made their own contributions to their unison and the advancement of music as a whole. Without any one member Led Zeppelins legacy would be completely different. Robert Plants high vocal style and songwriting abilities were instrumental in Led Zeppelins success. jimmy Pages musical knowledge and innovative guitar playing are widely considered to be some of the greatest of their time. According to AllMusic.com nose Page is Unquestionably one of the incomparable most important, important, and versatile guitarists and songwriters in rock history (Prato, 2011). John Bonhams loud, heavy drumming and percussion skills were essential to the Led Zeppelin hard rock sound. A friend of Bonhams once said that He always wanted to be one of the loudest drummers in the west and was determined not to be drowned out by guitarists (Welch Nicholls, 2001, p. 28). John Paul Jones steady bass rhythms and musical diversity were key elements to the Led Zeppelin sound that are often overlooked.Led Zeppelin was officially formed as a group in the late 1960s. Founder and guitarist Jimmy Page was playing with a group known as The Yardbirds at the time. In 1968, The Yardbirds disbanded and Page began searching for new members for the band. He was soon put into contact with Robert Plant and hired him as the bands new vocalist. Plant knew a drummer and suggested John Bonham, an old band mate, for the job. Bonham was soon hired and all they needed was a bassist. John Paul Jones soon contacted Page and the band was formed as the New Yardbirds. The band soon put down their first record record album together and it was released under their new name Led Zeppelin. In late 1968 Led Zeppelin signed with Atlantic Records and in the last days of December they performed live in the join States for the first time.Led Zeppelins early days were mainly spent touring Europe and r ecording for their first album as Led Zeppelin. Their first record propelled them onto the music scene with a groundbreaking heavy blues-rock fusion. The touring for the first album made Led Zeppelin a household name and landed them in the spot for the next decade. Over the next ten years Led Zeppelin went to new eyeshades with their capacious concerts and innovative records.Led Zeppelins first official album, a self-titled record, was recorded in late 1968 and was subsequently released in the United States in January of 1969. The album produced a number of classic Led Zeppelin staples such as Dazed and Confused, Good Times Bad Times, and Communication Breakdown. Elements from this album such as Jimmy Pages use of a cello bow to play his guitar went on to become icons of Led Zeppelins music. Although the album was initially criticized, the album is now considered to be one of the greatest stepping stones in the further development of hard rock music. subsequently in October 1969 Led Zeppelin released their second album, Led Zeppelin II, and the response was even greater than their first. This album really showcased the bands blues and folk influences on song like Ramble On and Bring it on Home. Robert Plant became noteworthy for his mystical and story-telling songwriting style and we see those elements in Ramble On. One of the biggest legacies to come from this album was the song Whole Lotta Love. Whole Lotta Love is one of their most famous songs and has been covered extensively over the years. Jimmy Pages guitar riffs and solos are some of the most recognizable guitar works of the time.A year later, in October 1970, Led Zeppelin released their third album and unsurprisingly it was named Led Zeppelin III. The album contains more acoustic and mellow songs than its predecessors. In an interview regarding the making of their third album Jimmy Page said Well never stop doing the heavy things, because that comes out naturally when we play. But there is anothe r side to us. The new album is whole different from the others and I see that its obviously a new direction (Retrieved April 3, 2011, www.ledzeppelin.org). The album was mostly done at a place called Bron-Yr-Aur in the U.K. One of the albums songs, Bron-Yr-Aur Stomp, was named after it.Led Zeppelins fourth album was released in November 1971, and although it is often referred to as Led Zeppelin IV, it is also known by many other names. The album itself has no name on it but it has become known as Zoso or the four symbols due to the symbols that the band members chose to represent themselves. The symbols of Robert Plant, John Bonham, and John Paul Jones all have meanings, but the symbol that Jimmy Page used has been a topic of debate since he began using it. Robert Plants symbol, a circle with a feather inside, is said to represent a writer, John Bonhams, three interlocking circles, are said to represent the link between a man, a woman, and their child, and John Paul Jones symbol, a circle over three vesica piscis, is said to be the symbol of a confident and competent individual (Retrieved April 3, 2001, www.inthelight.co.nz). The real conundrum surrounds Jimmy Pages symbol which has become known as Zoso. Nobody really knows for sure what the symbol means other than Jimmy himself, but it has been a mysterious question for Led Zeppelin fans ever since.The fourth album is also considered to be one of Led Zeppelins greatest works and contains some of their most memorable songs. Led Zeppelin IV contained such Led Zeppelin classics as Black Dog, Rock and Roll, spillage to California, When the Levee Breaks, and Stairway to Heaven. Led Zeppelin returned to their hard rock form from their first two records and the result was their best selling record. Led Zeppelin IV is the fourth best-selling album in history with over 22 million copies sold. The epic Stairway to Heaven is still the most requested song of all-time for radio (Retrieved April 5, 2011, rockhall.com).I n 1973 Led Zeppelin released Houses of the Holy and in 1975 released the double album Physical Graffiti. These two albums both topped the charts and produced songs such as Kashmir, Over the Hills and Far Away, Houses of the Holy, and Trampled Under Foot. These years were also the height of Led Zeppelins tours. From 1970 until Aug. 1975 Led Zeppelin toured extensively in Britain and the U.S. They set record numbers for attendance and were famous for playing at sports stadiums and other large venues. In August of 1975 Robert Plant and his wife were involved in a serious car accident which prevented the band from touring. Although they couldnt tour, they still continued to stay in the public eye.During their break from touring due to Plants injury, the band focused on new materials and finishing an old project. In March of 1976 the band released Presence, their sixth album. Presence was their worst selling album, although it did produce the epic song Achilles Last Stand. Also, in 1973 the band played three shows in New York City at Madison Square Gardens and their live performances were filmed for use in a live concert film that was released in October 1976. The band returned to the touring enlistment in 1977 and picked up where they left off. The band continued to set records for attendance to their concerts and live performances. After touring for a few months, the band cancelled the remainder of the 1977 tour dates due to the surprising demise of Robert Plants son.After the death of Plants son, the band took a break and returned to record their next album in late 1978. The album, In by dint of the Out Door, was released in the summer of 1979. Songs like Fool in the Rain and All of my Love propelled it to the top of the charts. Led Zeppelin toured Europe on and off in 1979 and 1980. On Sept. 25th, 1980, John Bonham was found deathlike at the age of thirty-two as a result of choking on his own bum following a day of very heavy drinking. The band disbanded f ollowing his death, although they did release an album of old Led Zeppelin outtakes called Coda in 1982.Over the years after 1980 the band only reunited for a few one-time performances. In 1985 they played at the Live Aid concert and again in 1988 for the Atlantic records 40th anniversary. Robert Plant and Jimmy Page released an album together in 1994 entitled No Quarter. Also, In honor of the life of their friend Ahmed Ertegun, the three living members reunited with Jason Bonham, Johns son, on drums to play a concert in London in December 2007. Almost three decades after their departure Led Zeppelin was still highly regarded by both old and new fans, as their show in December 2007 set a new record for most demanded concert tickets.From 1968 to 1980 Led Zeppelin dominated the rock music world with their high-energy live performances that broke numerous attendance records and their chart-topping albums. Their songs are still some of the most recognized and requested songs on American radio. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995 and reliable the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005. Their biography for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame used these nomenclature to describe their legacy Combining the visceral power and intensity of hard rock with the finesse and diplomacy of British folk music, Led Zeppelin redefined rock in the Seventies and for all time. They were as influential in that decade as the Beatles were in the prior one (Retrieved April 5, 2011, rockhall.com). Led Zeppelin paved the way for the hard rock bands of the late seventies, eighties, and into the nineties. They also popularized huge live performances at stadiums and arenas that were emulated for years to follow. The impact and legacy of Led Zeppelin has influenced bands and the entire music industry for the past three decades and will continue to influence them for years to come.Demographic Analysis of Service persona Results ChapterDemographic Analysis of Ser vice Quality Results ChapterThis section presents the findings about the respondents profile in terms of their age, gender, train of education and monthly income. The data are shown in frequencies and percentage.4.1.1 Age GenderThe respondents have been classified into six groups of age less than 18 years old between 19-25 years old between 26-35 years old between 36-45 years old between 46-55 years old 56 years old and above. dodge 4.1 indicates that there were no respondents whose age was less than 18 years old. Around one-fifth (33 or 21.6 percent) of the respondents whose age was between 19-25 years old. More than half(prenominal) (78 or 51.0 percent) of the respondents whose age was between 26-35 years old. rough (33 or 21.6 percent) of the respondents whose age was between 36-45 years old. Only (8 or 5.2 percent) respondents whose age was between 46-55 years old and only one person whose age was 56 years old and above.4.1.2 aim of educationThe respondents have been class ified into six groups of educational aim high school, diploma (two years), bachelors degree, masters degree, doctoral degree and other.Table 4.3 indicates that there were almost (11 or 7.2 percent) of the respondents who had high school. or so (5 or 3.3 percent) of the respondents who had diploma (two years). About one-third (52 or 34.0 percent) of the respondents who had bachelors degree. More than third (60 or 39.2 percent) of the respondents who had masters degree. About (23 or 15 percent) of the respondents who had doctoral degree and about (2 or 1.3 percent) holding other types of certificates.4.1.3 Monthly IncomeThe respondents have been classified into seven groups of monthly income Less than 2,999 3,000 5,999 6,000 8,999 9,000 11,999 12,000 14,999 15,000 19,999 and More than 20,000 SAR per month.Table 4.4 shows that there were almost (12 or 7.8 percent) of the respondents who had less than 2,999 SAR income. About (15 or 9.8 percent) had between 3K 5,999 SAR. About (2 2 or 14.4 percent) had between 6K 8,999 SAR. About 17.6 and 17.0 percent had less than 12K and 15K respectively. The majority (28 or 18.3 percent) of respondents had between 15K 19,999 SAR per month and about (23 or 15.0 percent) have had more than 20K SAR as monthly income.4.2 Level of Selected VariablesThis part discusses the respondents level of agreement on system prime(a) factors, information feature factors and service quality factors. The findings are presented in frequencies, percentages, and means. The discussion also emphasizes the data sufficiency and variables effect on e-Commerce growth within Saudi Arabia.4.2.1 Level of agreement based on system qualityIn terms of musical arrangement Quality Approach, it can be seen in Table 4.5 that 58 (37.9 percent) of the respondents are Strongly correspond, while 29 (19 percent) of the respondents are Agree and 28 (18.3 percent) jolly Agree. Twenty-two (14.4 percent) of the respondents are Not Sure. Ten (6.5 percent) are ro ughly disagree while 2 (1.3 percent) of them are Disagree. Only 4 respondents (2.6 percent) are Strongly Disagree.The findings indicated factor 2 (Ease of Use) as the highest level of agreement among the respondents (M=5.66, SD=1.531) in this category. On the other hand, factor 4 (Reliability) had the lowest level of agreement among the respondents (M=5.34, SD=1.717).In the case of the factor analysis, one important aspect is to test the assumptions. The two key techniques used are the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) sampling adequacy test and the bartlett test for sphericity. The KMO tests the stealness of the data, while the Bartlett tests for correlations. For system quality, these tests are shown on Table 4.7.As shown on Table 4.7, the KMO is 0.898. According to Field (2005, p650), the recommended lower limit KMO is 0.5 Values between 0.5 and 0.7 are considered as mediocre. KMO of values between 0.7 and 0.8 are considered as good, while values above 0.8 are considered as great. Base d on the KMO of 0.898 produced in this analysis, it has been justified that the factor analysis was appropriate for this data.Bartletts measure tests the null hypothesis that the original correlation matrix is an identity matrix. For factor analysis to work, it in necessary for some variables to have relationships if the R-matrix were an identity, then all correlation coefficients would be zero. Hence there is a need to test for significance (have p The results of the more robust factor analysis techniques for system quality show that a single result explained about 75% of the variance as shown on Table 4.8 below.4.2.2 Level of agreement based on information qualityIn terms of Information Quality Approach, it can be seen in Table 4.7 that 46 (30.1 percent) of the respondents are Strongly Agree, while 36 (23.5 percent) of the respondents are Agree and 39 (25.5 percent) Somewhat Agree. Seventeen (11.1 percent) of the respondents are Not Sure. Nine (5.9 percent) are Somewhat Disagree while 2 (1.3 percent) of them are Disagree. Only 4 respondents (2.6 percent) are Strongly Disagree.The findings indicated factor 6 (Simplicity) as the most influential factor amongst the respondents (M=5.64, SD=1.431) in this category. On the other hand, factor 4 (Personalization) had the lowest level of agreement among the respondents (M=5.16, SD=1.506).The factor analysis produced a single factor solution with an explanatory variance of 78% (Table 4.11). The KMO was 0.913 and Bartlett test (p = 0.000), indicating the appropriateness of the factor analysis.4.2.3 Level of agreement based on service qualityIn terms of Service Quality Approach, it can be seen in Table 4.9 that 46 (30.1 percent) of the respondents are Strongly Agree, while 36 (23.5 percent) of the respondents are Agree and 39 (25.5 percent) Somewhat Agree. Seventeen (11.1 percent) of the respondents are Not Sure. Nine (5.9 percent) are Somewhat Disagree while 2 (1.3 percent) of them are Disagree. Only 4 respondents (2. 6 percent) are Strongly Disagree.The findings indicated factor 2 (Understanding) as the highest level of agreement among the respondents (M=5.32, SD=1.370) in this category. On the other hand, factor 5 (Dedication) had the lowest level of agreement among the respondents (M=4.96, SD=1.589).Again, the factor analysis produced a single factor solution with an explanatory variance of 67% (Table 4.13). The KMO was 0.900 and Bartlett test (p = 0.000), indicating the appropriateness of the factor analysis.4.3 Reliability Analysis runReliability can be defined as the degree to which an experiment, test, or measuring procedure would produce the same result on repeated trials (Writing guides, 2009). Furthermore, reliability could be defined as the degree to which measures are free from error and thus yield consistent results (Zikmund, 2003).There are several different types of reliability coefficients such as Split half reliability, Guttman, Parallel, Strictly parallel and Cronbachs alpha. C ronbachs alpha is one of the most usually used measures because it can be interpreted as a correlation coefficient and it ranges in value from 0 to 1 (Coakes and Steed, 2003). Hence, Cronbachs alpha was used as a measurement of reliability for each variable in this study.From the analysis done on the instruments listed under each variable in the questionnaire, Table 4.14 shows that Cronsbachs Alpha for the variables system quality, information quality, and service quality are 0.931, 0.943, and 0.898 respectively. The internal consistency reliability of the measures can be considered as great as it achieved more than 0.8 Alpha values (Field, 2005, p. 668).4.4 Demographic effect on the dimensions factorsAs stated in chapter three, the effect of demographic differences is to be examined wither it effect the significance of factors in each dimension or not. The following hypothesis was built to test this issueH0 Demographic differences have no impact on variables significance in an IS model.H1 The brilliance of success variables in an IS model vary due to demographic differences.To cautiously investigate this issue, a comparison was made between cases with different demographic (from same category) in each on of the three dimensions (i.e. System Quality, Information Quality, and Service Quality) to distinctly mark any differences that might exist. A detailed list of all the mean comparison made is included in appendix B.4.4.1 Age difference effect on system qualityTo measure the influence of age on system quality, several comparisons have been made to investigate the case. In general, all tests showed an increase in system quality demanding along with the increase in age.The ease of use and system flexibility features significance increases with respect to the increase in age as descried in Table 4.14. Youth are careless happen takers, while elders are more worldly-minded risk averse this statement can be clearly observed when monitoring (Reliability Secu rity) which increases with the growth of age.Consequently, the effect of age difference on system quality could be undoubtedly seen in this matter.4.4.2 Level of education effect on information qualityTo test the collateral effect of education level on the information quality dimension, three comparisons have been carried out.First, both doctoral and masters equally Agree on the importance of information accuracy high school level, on the other hand, are Not Sure about that. While diploma holders Strongly Agree with the importance of dynamic contents, bachelors degree holders see less significance, thus, they tend to Somewhat Agree with that statement. Unlike bachelors degree holders who Somewhat Agree with the importance of information simplicity, doctoral degree holders do Agree on its weight for information quality.By looking at the three comparisons made, it could be clearly stated that the effect of education level is significant in this situation.4.4.3 Gender difference effect on service qualityDifferent gender has different interpretation of service quality provided by e-commerce support centres. To test the indirect effect of gender difference on the services quality provided, a small comparison has been made.Women tend to be more concerned about service centre willingness to help (commitment) and they Agree on the importance of human interaction ability in support centres. Men, on the other hand, give less attention Somewhat Agree to these two aspects. An interesting case to be noticed in this context is the privacy protection. In a conventional society such as Saudi Arabia, people tend to be more conservative when it comes to giving personal information. In such society, women are expected to be more conservative then men. Results, however, revealed that men were actually more sensitive toward privacy protection then women as show in Table 4.17.Accordingly, it could be concluded that gender differences have an effect on service quality dimension as s hown here.4.4 Summary of FindingsThe study revealed a number of interesting cases that need some attention in order to understand the behavior and logical reasoning behind it in order to help build a better e-Commerce system that is more considerate and sensitive to the needs of targeted consumers.Some of interesting be information, regarding the participants, that could be found from the previous tables includesAge More than half (51%) of the respondents are between 26-35 years old. This indicates the fact that Saudi Arabia is a young nation with a median age of 24.9 years (male 26 years, female person 23.4 years) (The World Fact book, 2010).Gender The majority (72.5 %) of the participants are males. This is due to cultural limitation of contact between the two genders (women segregation) within the country. The minority was done via relatives.Education More than (88 %) of the participants are holders of bachelor, masters, or doctoral degrees. This is comprehensible since the onl ine survey was circulated amongst Saudi Students in the UK Saudi Arabia.The findings indicate that simplicity (Ease of use) was the most pointed feature amongst the various system quality factors. A user friendly designed system with simple navigation ability seemed more important to consumers than reliability power, robustness or even security standards. Thus, e-Commerce marketing strategy should focus on sending the image of a simple user friendly e-Commerce system rather than focusing on the facts of security or multi-access capabilities (i.e. PC Mobile, 24/7, etc).As for Information quality measures, the findings indicated that simplicity was again the key factor acquired by consumers. Although completeness and accuracy were of high demands (5.47 5.58 means), keeping it simple, straight forward, and in understandable terms was most favorite feature. This is obvious when compared to comprehensiveness which might leads to long lists of annoying terms and conditions catalog.The ability of e-Commerce support centers to understand consumers specific needs was the most important factor of service quality. An argument might be that, a well committed and knowledgeable support personal would not be helpful if the consumer needs were mistakenly interpreted.Based on the data of 153 respondents, the multi-items measures were subjected to a series of validity and reliability checks. For the multi-item scale, the set of factors that correspond to each dimension was initially subjected to an examination of Cronbachs alpha and item-to-total correlations test.Thus, all measures appeared to be uni-dimensional, internally consistent, reliable and valid for analysis of the model. Furthermore, this chapter has examined the influence of demographic effects on the dimensions (System, Information and Service) factors prioritization process. The relationship was conducted by computing the differences measures of the means and normal Deviations, which supported the hypotheses that all the variables have a significance impact on e-Commerce growth and adoption in Saudi Arabia.