Reformation of the 16th Century

The Protestant rehabilitation ignited a apparitional repossess movement that separated the western Christian church service into Catholic and Protestant groups. Martin Luther embarked on a Journey to start the religious reform movement there were other maturations before him that set a buns for a religious alteration in the sixteenth century.The Protestant Reformation each(prenominal)owed for Protestantism to flourish throughout atomic number 63, united the Roman Catholic church with Christian denomi farmings, enab direct bulk to develop independent thinking and creative, fostered etermination in people to walk out religious and semipolitical freedom, and allowed for Christianity to evolve permanently throughout history. Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz helped produce the development of printing from a moving type. In Europe there were thousands of printers that publish religious books like the password, sermons, Latin and Greek classics, legal handbooks, and works on philosop hy.This type of development manifested an immediate impact on European ingenious life and thought (Duiker 429). This kind of invention fostered creative thinking and decisiveness in people to contain scholarly re bases. Printing allowed the European refining to disperse new religious ideals. This communication throughout Europe compete a major role in enabling people to bring in newfound knowledge and formulate judgements of their confess. Many historians state that Desiderius Erasmus laid the ball that Luther hatched (History 1). Erasmus was an influential Christian humanist.Christian humanism or northern reincarnation humanism combined the ideas of the classical Italian Renaissance with the ideas of primeval Christianity. tally to Christian humanism, a society must alter the human beings that cast it. They strongly believed that people are smart enough to formulate their own ideals and tactile sensations. They did no have to solely depend on an irrational godliness f or happiness and repurchase. Erasmus was most influential in teaching that faith should be a philosophy for a direction of life, not a source of arbitrary practices and rituals, which is what medieval religion emphasized.Erasmus also placed an emphasis on teaching the philosophy of rescuer Christ. Erasmus did not approve of the abuse of force out of inside the church. The opposition to struggleds a domineering religion back up the Christian and northern Renaissance humanists to stand against the orruption of the Catholic church they gave mankind commit and encouragement to believe in themselves, and to fight for freedom of religion. Another federal agent that influenced people to start a reform was the corruption of the Catholic Church. The omnipotent Roman Catholic Church labeled any non-believer as a heretic punishment included being burned at stake.The Catholic Churchs power was assembled over centuries, and depended on the lack of religious education and unknowingness of people. pluralitys base motivation of believing in the Catholic Church came from the touch of salvation to heaven though the Catholic Church. Any other belief was disregarded. The realization that some popes were not committing to the needs of the church and people disgust many people in Europe. Many popes interests were not focused on the spiritual uprising of religion, but worldly interests like power and riches The process ot salvation was becoming a traud.This ignited hate and bitterness towards the Catholic Church and stimulated the idea for change and reform. The Catholic Church strongly emphasized that good works and strong faith were the introduction for personal salvation. Martin Luther had a strong opposition o that idea, even as a monk and professor at the University of Wittenberg. Through personal study and dedication to religion he discovered that no weak and impotent human being could do enough good works to hit salvation. He believed that through a powerf ul faith and the sacrifice of Jesus Christ, that alone was enough for people to achieve salvation. Justification by credence (PBS 1) became the primary belief of the Protestant Reformation. Luthers repulsion of Catholic Church teachings enabled him to effect the Ninety-Five Theses, which opposed the sale of indulgences and revolted against clerical abuses. According to many historians this was the root word of the Protestant Reformation. The Ninety-Five Theses were quickly created and disseminated throughout Germany. Luther encouraged German royalty to overthrow the idea of salvation though the Catholic Church.His idea of salvation through faith alone was widespread and becoming acceptable to many people. The Roman Catholic Church was outraged and did not accept his experience of salvation. The Catholic Church believed that he was to be excommunicated from the church in 1512. When Luther was summoned to seem to the sacred Roman Empire and to recant the heresies (Duiker 431). He responded by rebuffing and qualification a statement that became the battle cry of the Reformation (Duiker 431). This angered the members of Reichstag, who coherent Luther to be detained.Luckily for him, Fredrick of Saxony protected him. A transformation was manifested upon Luthers religious ideals this gyration changed the European Civilization forever. Luthers popularity fostered from hatred and dissatisfaction with the greed of wealth power, corruption and dogmatic ideals of the Roman Catholic Church. The marriage between Luther and Katherina von Bora demolished the idea of clerical celibacy his marriage ighlighted the life of a Protestant minister with a family. German rulers strongly supported Luther they quickly acquired control and supervision of the German churches.Luther emphasized that the churches focus on the preaching the Word of God and Bible study. In Luthers eyes in was necessary to abolish Catholic masses and gravitate towards new religious services. All of these changes highlight the metamorphosis that Christianity was experiencing. People who believed and promoted these new ideals were complacent with a new religious experience. In 1 519, Charles V ruled a vast empire, composed of Austrian lands, start of Italy, Spain, nd other territories. Though election he was granted the Holy Roman Empire title.His idea was to preserve the unity of his empire in the Catholic faith(Duiker 432). By this time, Germany detached it self from the idea of royal persuasion this disintegrated any loyalty to the Holy Roman Empire. In 1546, Lutheranism was the orotund belief and practice throughout Germany. Charles Vs effort to bring combat and war to disintegrate Lutheranism was a failure. This failure encouraged Charles V to create the calm of Augsburg, which granted freedom to German states to choose between universality and Lutheranism.The supple spread of Lutheranism and Protestant beliefs reassured that Christian unity was no monthlong a possi bility. Switzerland had a prominent role in the Protestant Reformation. The revolution sparked upon Ulrich Zwingli. Zwingli ignited religious changes in member states of the federal states of Switzerland and the city of Zurich. evangelical reforms took over these areas. For example, Mass was replaced by services that promoted biblical study and prayer, relics were destroyed, and popes potentiality was no longer accepted.His primary source of support came from the people of Zurich and the agistrate, cognise as Mark Reust. Zwingli created an alliance with the German rulers, and Martin Luther. In 1513, rage and dissatisfaction festered between Catholic states and the Swiss Protestants. This created a war that led to Zwinglis death, his responsibility and loyalty to manifest change in Switzerland was handed down to tin Calvin. John Calvin was a practical theologian who organized the Protestant reform. His conversion to Protestantism led him to escape his native France to Switzerland .His beliefs coincided very closely with Luthers beliefs. A unique belief that he promoted was the idea of predestination. Predestination was a belief that God predestine some people to be saved, and the others to be damned, both who He would engage to salvation, and whom He would condemn to destruction (PBS 1). Calvin also emphasized absolute sovereignty of God he called it the power, grace, and glory of God(PBS 1). His reputation and credibility arose from his proceeds of the Institutes of the Christian Religion, an integration of Protestant beliefs and stands.In 1536, he expanded his revolutionary Protestant reform to the city of Geneva. Calvin created The Consistory, a governing body that attested to clean virtue nd discipline, and enabled a systematic way of including clergy and laymen in church service. The achiever that was fostered upon Geneva, allowed for missionaries to travel throughout Europe and infiltrate all of Europe with Protestantism. The city of Geneva stood as a Protestant citadel that gave success to the religious reform. The Anabaptists were radical promoters of the Protestant faith, who also vie a arctic role in the reformation.Their concern was to return to practice and religion of early Christianity, they emphasized equality in all believers. Separation of Church and stir was something they strongly advocated. They did not see any benefit of the government dictating the jurisdiction of religion. The Anabaptists opposed the idea of baptism in infants. Magisterial Protestants and Roman Catholics grew hostility and hatred towards the Anabaptists because of that belief. That is why they were heavily persecuted in the sixteenth century. The English Reformation played a pivotal part in the Protestant reformation.King Henry the septette was seen as selfish glutton. Surprisingly his strong desire to divorce Catherine of Aragon, his first-year wife made the English Reformation a more political than religious cause. The pope refused to grant Henry VIIs request to divorce Catherine of Aragon for Anne Boleyn. His upkeep then focused on the archbishop of Canterbury, head of the highest court in England. The archbishop condoned a divorce and annulled King Henry VIIs first marriage. Soon after Anne became baron she had a child, whom was a girl.This infuriated King Henry VII because he did not have a son to inherit his throne. This anger encouraged Henry VII to promote separation of the Church of England with Rome. This was known as the Act of Supremacy in 1534, it declared that the King was in transact control of the doctrine and Church of England. During Henry VIIs reign, Archbishop Cranmer attempted to reform the administrative and religious ruling. Shortly after this, Henry VII died and left his ruling to his chthonianage son. Cranmer took advantage of this situation by directing the Church ot England in a Protestant direction.T manifested new Protestant services and ideals in the Church of England. Mary a Ca tholic succeeded Edward VI. Her nickname Bloody Mary was no understatement. Her primary concern was for the Church of England to return to Catholicism she murdered more than ccc heretics who opposed Catholicism. Ironically, her actions ed for England to become more Protestant than ever before. By the mid-sixteenth century, the Roman Catholic Church no longer dominated Europe. Protestantism was infiltrating all of Europe and becoming more dominating and accepted.Due to this nature, the Catholic Church underwent a reformation of its own known as the Catholic Reformation. The Catholic is separate in to three parts known as the Jesuits, a improve papacy, and the Council of Trent. Ignatius of Loyola, Spanish noblemen, founded the Society of Jesus. This society accepted the directing of the pope and promoted the principals of faithfulness to the papacy, and hierarchical ruling of ociety and civilization. They fostered missionaries to explore Asian countries to convert people to Catholi cism The reformed papacy was another aspect of the Catholic Reformation.Pope Paul seasick took the initiative to create a reform to team to hold Catholic Churchs accountable and enforce discipline. Through this he was able to create the Council of Trent and gave wisdom to the Society of Jesus. In 1545, church officials gathered in the city of Trent started the Council of Trent. This Council of Trent met perpetually though three different sessions in the sixteenth century. Their ideas coalesced and they came to the final result that the selling of indulgences was prohibited, both faith and good works were required for salvation, and tho the church could interpret scripture (Duiker 438).This manifested one doctrine and religion under the Roman Catholic Church. The Protestant Reformation had significant impacts in the induction of our world nations. This impact allowed for the re-establishment of political and religious views throughout the European civilization, challenged the dresser of the Catholic popes, and led to modern concepts of democracy. This reformation is key to understanding how religion has laced an importance in the foundation and building of every nation in our world.The fight for equality and freedom will always be an obstacle throughout history understanding the struggle, rebellion, and motivation to fght that many people faced in reformation, allows for our world to become educated and motivated to turn over towards a better world.